From Tornadoes to Lockdowns: Prepare Your Childcare Center for the Unexpected - post

The #safety and well-being of children are the foremost responsibilities of any childcare center. In an unpredictable world, being prepared for a range of emergencies – from #natural-disasters like tornadoes, common in areas like Georgia, to security threats such as lockdowns – is not just a good idea, it's an essential part of providing quality care. A comprehensive #emergency- #preparedness plan can make all the difference in protecting children and staff when the unexpected occurs.  

Developing a Comprehensive All-Hazards Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)

The Foundation of Preparedness: Your center's EOP is the cornerstone of your safety efforts. It shouldn't be a one-size-fits-all template but a tailored document reflecting your specific location, facility, and the needs of the children in your care.

• Risk Assessment: Identify potential hazards specific to your area (e.g., tornadoes, floods, severe thunderstorms, winter storms) and universal threats (e.g., fire, medical emergencies, hazardous material spills, active shooter/intruder).
• Core Emergency Functions: Your plan should detail procedures for:
  • Evacuation: When and how to evacuate, primary and secondary routes, designated assembly points (both on-site and off-site), and transportation plans if needed.  
     
  • Shelter-in-Place: Procedures for when it's safer to stay inside, such as during a tornado warning or a nearby chemical spill. Identify the safest interior rooms, away from windows and exterior walls.  
     
  • Lockdown: Protocols for securing the facility in response to an internal or external threat, such as an intruder. This includes locking all doors and windows, turning off lights, and moving children to secure, out-of-sight locations.  
     
• Special Needs Considerations: Include specific plans for infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities or access and functional needs. This might involve specialized equipment, medication management, or additional #staff-support.
• Regular Review and Updates: Your EOP is a living document. Review and update it at least annually, or as circumstances change (e.g., staff turnover, facility modifications, new types of threats identified).  
   

Robust Communication Strategies: Keeping Everyone Informed

Clear and Timely Information: During an emergency, clear, accurate, and timely communication is vital.

• Internal Communication: Establish methods for alerting staff (e.g., intercom, walkie-talkies, designated signals).  
   
• External Communication with Families:
  • Develop a multi-pronged approach to notify #parents/guardians (e.g., mass notification system, phone tree, secure messaging app, social media).  
  • Provide clear instructions on where to go for information and reunification procedures.
  • Establish an out-of-state contact number that staff and families can call for updates if local lines are down.
• Contacting Emergency Services: Ensure all staff know how and when to call 911. Post emergency contact numbers (police, fire, poison control, licensing agency) in visible locations.
• Media Inquiries: Designate a spokesperson to handle media inquiries to ensure consistent and accurate information is disseminated.

Assembling and Maintaining Emergency Supply Kits

Essential Resources at Your Fingertips: Well-stocked emergency kits are crucial for both evacuation and shelter-in-place scenarios. Prepare separate, easily accessible kits.  

• Go-Kits (for Evacuation):
  • First-aid supplies (comprehensive)
  • List of children with emergency contact information, allergies, and medical needs
  • Medications (ensure proper storage and permissions)
  • Bottled water and non-perishable food (enough for at least 72 hours)
  • Diapers, wipes, formula (if applicable)
  • Flashlight with extra batteries
  • Battery-powered or hand-crank radio (NOAA weather radio preferred)
  • Whistle to signal for help
  • Sanitation supplies (hand sanitizer, plastic bags, toilet paper)
  • Comfort items for children (small toys, books, blankets)
  • Copies of important documents (e.g., EOP, licensing information)
• Shelter-in-Place Kits: Similar to go-kits but may include additional supplies for longer durations and materials for sealing a room (e.g., plastic sheeting, duct tape for chemical emergencies).
• Regular Checks: Inspect and replenish kits at least quarterly, checking expiration dates on food, water, medications, and batteries.

Rigorous Staff Training and Regular Drills

Practice Makes Perfect (and Prepared): A plan is only effective if everyone knows their role and can execute it efficiently.

• Initial and Ongoing Training:
  • All staff members should receive comprehensive training on the EOP upon hiring and participate in annual refreshers.
  • Training should cover all types of potential emergencies, including specific procedures for evacuation, shelter-in-place, and lockdown.  
  • Include First Aid and CPR certification for designated staff members.
• Regular Drills:
  • Conduct drills frequently (monthly for fire, and quarterly or as recommended by local authorities for tornado, lockdown, and other scenarios).    
  • Vary the times and conditions of drills to simulate different scenarios.
  • Practice with children in an age-appropriate manner, explaining procedures calmly to minimize fear. Focus on reassurance and simple instructions.
  • Document each drill: date, time, participants, type of drill, and any lessons learned. Use this information to refine your EOP.

Detailed Family Reunification Plan

Bringing Families Back Together Safely: After an emergency, reuniting children with their families is a top priority.

• Designated Reunification Sites: Identify primary and secondary reunification locations, away from the immediate hazard area. Communicate these locations to parents in advance as part of your emergency plan.  
   
• Verification Procedures: Establish strict protocols for releasing children only to authorized individuals. Require photo identification and maintain a sign-out log.
• Communication During Reunification: Keep parents informed about the reunification process and expected timelines.

Collaboration with Local Emergency Responders

Building Community Partnerships: Engage with your local police department, fire department, and emergency management agency.

• Invite Them to Your Center: Ask them to review your EOP and provide feedback. They may also be available to participate in or observe drills.
• Share Your Plan: Provide them with a copy of your EOP, including floor plans and contact information.
• Understand Local Protocols: Be aware of their response procedures and how your center fits into the community's broader emergency plan.

Post-Emergency Recovery and Mental Health Support

The Aftermath: Healing and Returning to Normalcy: Preparedness doesn't end when the immediate danger passes.

• Facility Assessment: Once it's safe, assess the facility for damage. Document any damage for insurance purposes.
• Communication: Inform families and staff about the status of the center and plans for reopening.
• Mental Health and Emotional Support:
  • Recognize that emergencies can be traumatic for children and staff. Be prepared to provide emotional support.
  • Maintain routines as much as possible to provide a sense of stability.
  • Allow children to talk about their experiences and feelings in an age-appropriate way. Listen, reassure, and validate their emotions.
  • Provide resources for families and staff who may need additional #mental- #health support from professionals.
  • Be aware of signs of #stress or trauma in children (e.g., sleep disturbances, changes in behavior, increased anxiety) and staff, and seek help if needed.

      References:

• ChildCareEd. (n.d.). Emergency Preparedness in Childcare: Creating and Practicing Safety Protocols. ChildCareEd. Retrieved from https://www.childcareed.com/a/emergency-preparedness-in-childcare-creating-and-practicing-safety-protocols.html
• ChildCareEd. (n.d.). Emergency Preparedness Training for Childcare Providers: Keeping Kids Safe in a Crisis. ChildCareEd. Retrieved from https://www.childcareed.com/a/emergency-preparedness-training-for-childcare-providers-keeping-kids-safe-in-a-crisis.html
• Drexel University. (n.d.). Key Planning Steps Communicating During Emergencies. Retrieved from https://drexel.edu/~/media/Files/dornsife/CPHRC/IDD_ASD%20Fact%20Sheet_rev3.ashx?la=en
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). (n.d.). FBI Active Shooter Safety Resources. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/active-shooter-safety-resources
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2011). Sample Childcare Emergency Action Plan. FEMA Training. Retrieved from https://training.fema.gov/emiweb/is/is36/handouts%20-sample%20plans/eap_sample.pdf
• General Services Administration (GSA). (n.d.). Child Care Lets Be Ready: Emergency Communication. GSA. Retrieved from https://www.gsa.gov/system/files/Child_Care_Lets_Be_Ready-Emergency_Communication.pdf
• Head Start | ECLKC. (n.d.). Emergency Preparedness Manual for Early Childhood Programs. Retrieved from https://headstart.gov/safety-practices/emergency-preparedness-manual-early-childhood-programs/emergency-preparedness-manual-early-childhood-programs
• Head Start | ECLKC. (n.d.). Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. Retrieved from https://headstart.gov/safety-practices/article/emergency-preparedness-response-recovery
• National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). (2020). Supporting Young Children after Crisis Events. Retrieved from https://www. #naeyc.org/resources/pubs/yc/jul2020/supporting-young-children-after-crisis-events
• National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO). (n.d.). Child Care Emergency Plan. Retrieved from https://www.naccho.org/uploads/downloadable-resources/Example-Child-Care-Emergency-Plan-NACCHO-Resource.pdf

#early-childhood